Recruitment and Staffing Proposal Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recruitment and Staffing Proposal - Coursework Example (Brown 56) Standards for quality staff include: A plan for systematic selection of a diverse company’s staff is critical to assuring the availability of quality personnel. Moreover, developing linkages with high schools and colleges, career and job fairs, and scholarship and mentor programs is a strategy that can be used to recruit a diverse group of career-focused personnel. (Lawlo 122) Training and staff development must be an on-going process that builds on the existing skills of each staff member. Training needs to be available to the junior staff members at different levels such as teachers, assistants, directors, and support staff. (Brown 88) To ensure proper selection of recruitment and retention of a qualified and competent staff, it is critical to develop and implement an equitable compensation system for childcare providers at all levels. An equitable compensation system offers salaries and benefits commensurate with the increase in knowledge and skills that staff members gain through taking courses, participating in a cohesive training program, or working toward a degree or credential. A plan for teamwork should be included. A staffing system that supports regular and frequent interactions with a wide range of multidisciplinary specialists will assure the availability of necessary skills and knowledge. Finally, Opportunities for career advancement should take into account the wide range of job roles and levels of training that providers currently have depending on the rank, staff should be given promotion in terms of the salaries paid and the position. This is an operative recruitment technique for obtaining from in a company. Workers often recommend friends, family and colleagues they trust could become important team associates in their association, which can result to highly skilled hires. This electronic gadgets provides a platform for candidates and

Isokinetic Devices Essay Example for Free

Isokinetic Devices Essay The word isokinetic is most commonly used in sports science and medicine. In these settings isokinetic defines a type of exercise or movement. Isokinetic movement is actually the opposite of isotonic movement which is probably the easiest way to think of it. Isotonic movement is the most common type of movement we human beings perform: Isotonic movement: In almost every situation, every day, we perform isotonic movements. In these types of movements we pick up a fixed weight, an empty pan basically anything that has weight. The weight of the pan is fixed but we decide how fast to lift it. We can lift it slow, fast, or anywhere in between. The key to this type of movement is we decide how fast it goes but the weight (resistance) remains constant. Isokinetic movement: In isokinetic movements the situation is reversed now we tell an isokinetic machine (the dynomometer) to move only at a certain speed (normally described in degrees per second). The machine will then vary its resistance against us to maintain that speed. This means if we push against the machine hard it will give back allot of resistance to maintain the speed it was told to go at. If we push or pull softly the machine reduces the weight to maintain the speed. To achieve isokinetic movement there are many different ways of developing the resistance, however, most people use an isokinetic device. Isokinetic devices are referred to as isokinetic machines and they vary vastly in technology and price. Most medical isokinetic machines are top of the range. They use a powerful motor to provide the isokinetic resistance to the force applied and then use a computer to keep the motion smooth, provide the acceleration and to record the results. In medical systems the components (the motor, gear box and computer control) are what make the machines so very expensive but they are also the parts that make them so very good. Other isokinetic machines use cheaper ways of developing the isokinetic motion. These methods include (but are not exclusively) hydraulic systems (water or oil commonly) clutch based systems (not really used anymore due to noise and running costs), friction based systems and elastic resistance machines. Advantages: * Maximal loading throughout whole range of motion. * Objective, reproducible and easily quantifiable. * Muscles easily isolated. * Safest form of exercise. * Few contraindications. Disadvantages: * Time consuming. * Requires a lot of training and skill to use. * Costly. * Results can be difficult to compare between machines. Other types of isokinetic / s: The most common isokinetic device used every day is a lift. Here no matter how many or few people get in the lift (which varies the resistance) the lift moves at a constant speed. Isokinetic is also be used in gas analysis: Isokinetic still means constant velocity or speed of motion but is used to describe the velocity of gas entering a sampler being the same as in a chimney or flue. Many isokinetic gas samplers work automatically. Two main types of equipment are produced: Automatic samplers used for dust and aerosol monitoring.

Media Does NOT Control Society Essay -- Sociology

Does media control us, or do we control media? "Sex, Lies and Advertising," was an essay written by the founder of Ms. Magazine, Gloria Steinem, explaining the difficulties in interesting advertisers for a women's magazine like hers. She talks about the advertising world seeing women's magazines as only "cash cows" and all the articles are surrounding hair, makeup, nails, or some other superficial thing that relates to Cover Girl, Revlon, Clairol, or Olay. According to Ms. Steinem, what we pick up from the newsstand or have delivered in our mail every month is all "fluff" because of such advertisers. "Oh, women's magazines... everyone knows they're just catalogs" (Steinam 275). In the movie, "How to Lose a Guy in Ten Days" a woman journalist, Andie Anderson, who worked for such an advertiser's dream magazine, and wanted to have the freedom to write about politics and current events and things that were intellectually stimulating and not about hair, nails and makeup. At t he end of the story, she quit because she could not have that freedom because her editor would not allow her to write about anything but their set topics, and now, I see why. In "How to Lose a Guy in Ten Days" we see how such companies are really controlled by the advertisers and the editors of those magazines make sure they stay that way to ensure the life of their magazine. The article "Censorship and Homosexuality in the Media" also deals with advertisers control of magazines, and to the censorship of television, movies, even plays. It comes from the opposite direction though, rather than it being the magazine, or the conservatives screaming for something that wont offend their delicate sensitivities or possible maim Junior for life, it's co... ... McGrath, Charles. "Giving Saturday Morning Some Slack." The Blair Reader. Eds. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall. 266-271. National Vanguard Magazine. "Who Rules America?" Jul 2001. 13 Oct 2003. Http://www.stormfront.org/jewish/whorules.html Steinem, Gloria. "Sex, Lies, and Advertising" The Blair Reader. Eds. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall. 274-290. Tuttle, Katie. "Television and African Americans." The Blair Reader. Eds. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall. 297-303. Wynn, Marie. "Television, the Plug-in Drug." The Blair Reader. Eds. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall. 257-266.

My life :: essays research papers

Secrets (Free writing) There are a few things in the back of anybody’s memory that have been repressed from childhood, and just emerge onto our consciousness once in the blue moon by accident or triggered by a random event. I have a very vivid memory of my childhood, associated with a particular smell, related to a family secret. I was about 8 years old, the youngest and only boy in a family of four siblings. Our house was always crowded with female cousins and aunts staying over, gossiping around, from which I was kept out of â€Å"Girls talk†. My closest friend was my youngest sister, who was just 2 years older than I. She kept her distance from me in public, because in those days girls and boys where meant to play and stay away from each other. Just in the intimacy of the family’s common bedroom she was tender and comprehensive; she taught me how to pray at night; how to make my bed; how to brush my teeth and to how stay away from the night spittoons. Anytime I felt in trouble, I just looked up to her, and she would tell me silently with a wink or any facial gesture what to do. Leonidas De Los santos 2 One night, I was awakened in the middle of the dark by guardian-sister. There were screams and rumble in the immense density of the night. I was scared and concerned, curious rather than startled. My guardian-sister put her hand on my mouth, and I felt her warm morning breath telling me to hush. For a moment, a minute or so, we stood motionless next to the bed, trying to X Ray the darkness, and to radar with our ears the faintest sound. Then I heard it, a flush of air escaping furiously someone’s nostrils like a bull before it charges, a humming of a cry mufflered, like somebody screaming under tons of dirt. I was reviewing with mental flashes scary bed time stories I ever heard, trying to match the sounds I was hearing with the mythological beasts I had imagined in my mind. Then I heard a splash, and a urine-like liquid soaked my feet. It was warm and sticky; it had a scent like nothing I had ever perceived in my life. It smelled, like, like jackfruit, Clorox and soap togethe r. I do not remember quite right how that night ended, I just remember that smell. My life :: essays research papers Secrets (Free writing) There are a few things in the back of anybody’s memory that have been repressed from childhood, and just emerge onto our consciousness once in the blue moon by accident or triggered by a random event. I have a very vivid memory of my childhood, associated with a particular smell, related to a family secret. I was about 8 years old, the youngest and only boy in a family of four siblings. Our house was always crowded with female cousins and aunts staying over, gossiping around, from which I was kept out of â€Å"Girls talk†. My closest friend was my youngest sister, who was just 2 years older than I. She kept her distance from me in public, because in those days girls and boys where meant to play and stay away from each other. Just in the intimacy of the family’s common bedroom she was tender and comprehensive; she taught me how to pray at night; how to make my bed; how to brush my teeth and to how stay away from the night spittoons. Anytime I felt in trouble, I just looked up to her, and she would tell me silently with a wink or any facial gesture what to do. Leonidas De Los santos 2 One night, I was awakened in the middle of the dark by guardian-sister. There were screams and rumble in the immense density of the night. I was scared and concerned, curious rather than startled. My guardian-sister put her hand on my mouth, and I felt her warm morning breath telling me to hush. For a moment, a minute or so, we stood motionless next to the bed, trying to X Ray the darkness, and to radar with our ears the faintest sound. Then I heard it, a flush of air escaping furiously someone’s nostrils like a bull before it charges, a humming of a cry mufflered, like somebody screaming under tons of dirt. I was reviewing with mental flashes scary bed time stories I ever heard, trying to match the sounds I was hearing with the mythological beasts I had imagined in my mind. Then I heard a splash, and a urine-like liquid soaked my feet. It was warm and sticky; it had a scent like nothing I had ever perceived in my life. It smelled, like, like jackfruit, Clorox and soap togethe r. I do not remember quite right how that night ended, I just remember that smell.

Case Study: Alcoa’s Core Values Essay

Ethics is based on a set of moral and ethical values. These values must be absolute – that is, you must take them seriously enough to override any human rationalization, weakness, ego, or personal faults. Alcoa’s ethical work climate is diverse, encourages open communication and learning, and community outreach. Alcoa’s core values are held to a high standard. Standing by these values: Integrity; Environment, Health, and Safety; Customer; Accountability; Excellence; People; and Profitability helps improve the moral of the company, employees, and consumers. By setting these as core values, Alcoa has made a commitment to improving quality of life among employees and community. Alcoa’s company used the ethical criterion of principles. Personal morality, company rules and procedures, and laws and professional codes were a higher priority to Mr. O’Neill. Regardless of the fact that the Mexico manager increase profits and had high marks of quality and satisfaction, Mr. O’Neill took the interest of the company’s value of safety and compliance. Alcoa made sure that employee’s and management had plenty of education and resources that there should have been no room for misunderstand or this kind of misconduct. â€Å"The emphasis on safety had deep meaning to Alcoa’s management team. The company’s management firmly believed that no employees should be forced to work in an environment where their safety and the safety of other employees might be jeopardized. Alcoa’s management supported the ethical principle that no employees should leave work in a worse condition than when they arrived (Lawrence & Weber, 2011). When going down to investigate the allegations himself, showed a great leader that has morals and beliefs that go hand and hand with the core values and ethics of the company. With such serious allegations, it was imperative for management to see what was going on first hand and take action. By sending an open letter to the entire company, Mr. O’Neill showed that there is no room for misperceptions of the core values set, showing that anything less is unrespectable and will not be tolerated.

Colon Paper essays

Colon Paper essays Colon cancer is a condition that affects thousands of people. About 140,000 new cases are diagnosed each year and it kills more than 56,000 people each year. This type of cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. The problem that surrounds this deadly disease is that half of this deaths could be prevented by screening, unfortunately the majority of people older than 50 do not undergo for colorectal cancer screening even though is recommended for all persons50 and over and for those with family history. Also many primary care physician do not screen for all the patients who meet the qualifications for colorectal screening. Screening can prevent colorectal cancer when detection and removal of precancerous polyps is done on time. Anther problem with colorectal cancer screening is the fact that many people feel uncomfortable having this part of the anatomy examined. The American Cancer Society recommends an annual digital rectal examination for people age 40, an a nnual fecal occult blood test for people age over 50 and flexible sigmoidoscopy every three to five years for people aged over 50. Cancer of the colon, a common form of cancer, is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the tissues of the colon. The colon is part of the body's digestive system. The digestive system is made up of the esophagus, stomach, and the small and large intestines. The last 6 feet of intestine is called the large bowel or colon. After diagnosis and to fond out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the doctor needs to identify the stage of the cancer to start the appropriate treatment. Stage 0. The cancer is very early. It is found only in the innermost lining of the colon or rectum. Stage I. The cancer involves more of the inner wall of the colon or rectum. Stage II. The cancer has spread outside the colon or rectum to ne ...

Crime Data Comparison Essay Example

Crime Data Comparison Essay Example Crime Data Comparison Essay Crime Data Comparison Essay There are many different crimes that are reported daily and some crimes that are not reported at all. Without the proper reporting of crimes, it is hard for anyone to actually put together a data form to show all the proper crimes. In this paper, the individual will choose the crime forcible rape within the metropolitan areas of Abilene, Texas and Akron, Ohio. The individual will compare the occurrence of that offense in the selected areas, and identify the number of occurrences of the crime chosen that was known to the police for each area. This paper will also include answers to the following questions: 1) Which area had more reported incidents, 2) What were the rates of the crime for each area, 3) Did the rates change over time in either area, and 4) What factors might explain the difference in the rates? Forcible Rape The two metropolitan areas chosen were Abilene, TX and Akron, OH. In 2008, the Abilene’s population was 159,257 and only 95 forcible rapes were reported. This then gave the rate of the charge to be 59. 7 per every 100,000 inhabitants. By 2009, all the information had changed due to being a year later. Reports showed that in 2009, Abilene’s population was 159,632, only 357 people difference. The forcible rapes that had been reported were up to 134 with the rate being 83. 9 per every 100,000 inhabitants. As for Akron, in 2008 the population of that town was 699,914 and had reports showed that 265 people reported forcible rape. The rate per every 100,000 inhabitants were then at 40. 3. By 2009, Akron’s population was larger by 1,018 people, making the population to be 700,932. The reported forcible rapes for 2009 were then at 298 and the rate at 44. 4 for every 100,000 inhabitants. Rates are going to change over a period of time based on different factors. The different factors to be looked at are the towns and states at which this crime is being committed as well as the factor of the number of people living in that area. When the population increases, the number of crimes that are committed are going to be committed because you never know who is going to commit a crime. Crimes can come out of nowhere and of course who is committing the crimes. Bigger cities seem to have the most crimes due to the fact that there are more people to scan through to find the criminal. Then there is the factor of how many criminals are living in the area. Not all criminals are accounted for and are hard to determine who is one when they have never been convicted. In conclusion, when you are in a big town, everyone has to be careful as to what they do because you never know when you are going to run into someone or even if they could be the next victim of a crime. In order to keep criminals off of the street and from continuing to do crimes, is to report them to the proper law enforcers as soon as possible. This way proper evidence can be found and judgment can be made. When crimes are not reported right away, evidence that can be used to help find the criminal can be washed away and no longer able to find the criminal. Reference: Federal Bureau of Investigations. (2010). Uniform Crime Reports. Retrieved from fbi. gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/ucr

Narrowing of the Gap between the Rich and the Poor in the Society

Narrowing of the Gap between the Rich and the Poor in the Society Introduction Part of the millennium development goals focus on poverty eradication, population stabilization, and supplying of all people of the world with adequate food. This aims at ensuring that living standards of the people rise and alleviate deaths related with food shortage and poverty. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Narrowing of the Gap between the Rich and the Poor in the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although economic crises limit the efforts of many countries in their quest to eradicate poverty, countries like China have moved a step forward and recorded great success in poverty reduction. In addition, in the pursuit of feeding citizens of many nations of the world, application of diverse measures such as increase in land productivity, proper water utilization schemes, and population stabilization to ensure food security becomes inevitable. The most Important Points and personal feelings The m illennium development goal on poverty reduction entails the reduction of people going hungry, provision of universal primary education, reducing the number of people who cannot access clean drinking water, combating the spread of infectious diseases, and provision of healthcare services to the needy in the society. All these factors help to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor in the society. Accessible education for all lowers poverty levels to insignificant levels. I regret the fact that, children with little or no formal education normally start life at a crippled economic state and this would mean they continue in abject poverty for the rest of their lives thus widening the gap between the rich and the poor. The World Bank supports countries with good education plans to achieve their universal primary education for all. In the developing countries, health sector combats diseases such as diarrhea, respiratory illness, malaria, measles, and HIV AIDS, which affect many peop le and lead to increase in mortality rate. Prevention of these diseases would mean good health to the people and therefore, high economic productivity. A nation with high percentage of unhealthy people is prone to suffering from poverty as sick people are less productive than healthy people are. The provision of clean drinking water, adequate food, and good waste disposal helps to alleviate disease outbreaks in the society. Prevention of infectious disease such as HIV AIDs ensures healthy life and high economic productive by all hence poverty reduction. Falling fertility and increasing mortality rates help to shrink populations and helps to stabilize populations. Family planning methods assist in regulating women fertility whereas HIV and hunger increases mortality rates in many countries. Direct health care intervention helps in raising the literacy level of many women on family planning matters to help in regulating population sizes in many nations. Small sized populations ensure good provision of basic requirements hence reduction in poverty and hunger.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Food insecurity poses a threat to many nations of the world; however, I believe that use of different approaches has alleviated the food insecurity problem in many nations. Increase in land productivity by acquisition of more land for agricultural production and application of new farming techniques improves the land productivity for sustainable food supply. From the readings, it is clear water, as a major resource in food production, remains a great challenge in many countries. Water shortage reduces food production and this risks food insecurity in the affected countries. To prevent this problem, I think that adoption of irrigation skills, which help to reduce water usage as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigations over flooding and furrowing irrigatio n methods would save the unbecoming problem of water shortage. From the insights raised in the readings, I feel that the need to sustain food security in the future calls the elevation of responsibility of food production from the ministry of agriculture to the office of the head of state. Effects of other ministries affect food production for instance ministry of energy emit carbon dioxide in the air affecting crop production; therefore, all ministries need regulation to achieve food security. Conclusion Although economic crises affecting many nations of the world cause poverty increment and food insecurity, the pursuit to achieve the millennium development goals helps to alleviate the problem of poverty and food insecurity by the application of different approaches such as education for all, population stabilization through birth controls and increment in food production. The achievement of food security and reduced poverty levels remains justified by the appropriate application o f these approaches.

The Life of Edgar Allan Poe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Life of Edgar Allan Poe - Essay Example His father's name was David Poe (1784-1810) while his mother's was Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins (1787-1811) (Quinn 1997). He was born on January 19, 1809. A year after his birth, his father died, then a year later, her mother followed. Left as an orphan, Edgar was taken in by Frances and John Allan, a wealthy merchant in Richmond, Virginia. In 1815, Poe went with the Allans to England where he studied in Chelsea. Five years later, he went back to study at the University of Virginia. In this school he considered Latin and poetry. In addition, Edgar was an active and athletic student, joining activities such as swimming and acting. A few years later, Edgar and John had a falling out due to Edgar's debts and lack of responsibility. Unable to support his self, he enlisted in the U.S. army where he served for two years. In 1827, Edgar Poe published his first book, Tamerlane and Other Poems. When Edgar's foster mother died in 1827, he had a brief reconciliation with Allan and later entered West Point Military Academy but was dismissed after one year. In 1831, the same year his Poems were published, Edgar lived in with his aunt Maria Clemm in Baltimore. Eventually, he married Maria Clemm's daughter, Virginia Eliza, in 1836, who was just a girl of thirteen. The only completed novel of Poe, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym was published in 1838. The story is about a Nantucket stowaway looking for adventure but the novel soon turns to a chilly story of murder and cannibalism. (Merriman 2007) It was the years succeeding his marriage that the financial strains started to set in. The Panic of 1837 marking the "close of one epoch in our industrial history, and the beginning of a new era. It engulfed all classes and all phases of economic toils; and for seven long years the people of the land struggled to free themselves from its oppression," (McGrane). Aside from professional and personal struggles, Poe was also almost always in economic distress; frequently loaning and making literary hack works (Whalen 1999). It was these problems that made him understand the "sad poverty and the thousand consequent contumelies and other ills which the condition of the mere Magazinist entails upon him in America - where more than in any other region upon the face of the globe to be poor is to be despised." After their marriage came the string of years of writing. It was in 1841 that the first detective story was ever written. The title was The Murders in the Rue Morgue. Their last residence was a cottage in the Fordham section of the Bronx. In 1847, Virginia died, Edgar Allan Poe was deeply saddened by the loss of his wife. Due to this, he frequently directed his attention to alcohol and was reportedly becoming more erratic. A year after Virginia's death, he rekindled his affair with his childhood sweetheart in Richmond, Elmira Royster. In able to raise funds to start his own magazine (to be called Stylus) in 1849, Poe went on a poetry and lecture reading tour. But his hopes of starting his own magazine was never realized because of his sudden mysterious death on the 7th of October of that same year. (Merriman 2007) There are several different theories that have been proposed concerning his death. Others say he died of alcoholism while others suggest different diseases. Still, others imply that Poe did not suffer a natural death but instead was murdered. For the past decades and until now, what really happened to Edgar Allan

Write a ONE-PAGE essay, including a brief summary in the first half Essay

Write a ONE-PAGE , including a brief summary in the first half and your reflection in the second half - Essay Example The questions asked is whether the huge amount of money utilized since the 9/11 has been utilized well to curb terrorists and protect the life of the people in the United States of America (Hale, 3). Dana Priest traces the journey from the September 11 bombing to the Boston Marathon bombing as well as investigates the efforts taken by the federal agencies tasked with the mandate of keeping the citizens safe during the twelve years of battle against terrorism. The movie outlines the governments developed after the 9/11 for the purpose of preventing future attacks and hunting terrorism. The second video is about the Rise of ISIS. Martin Smith investigates the mistakes and the miscalculations behind the brutal rise of ISIS even after the final departure of the American troop from Iraq in 2011. The video is a fast flowing and dense narrative focused on the failure of the Shiite-led Iraq government to share power with the Sunni minority and failure of the United States government to act when the Sunni militant exploited the available situation for their own gain. The blame is quite directed on president Obama and the former Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al Maliki. It is only Martin Dempsey, the Joint chief of Staff’s chairman, who speaks in defense of the government and the Obama administration (Fuchis, 4). The interview is accompanied by a flood of images that will have numbing and mesmerizing effect. It shows bombings, steady montage of protests, disturbing militant video of serial executions as well as battle footage. Basing on the first video footage, I believe that the government has made numerous steps in controlling frequent terrorist attack following the September 11 bombing on the US soil. Despite the efforts done to combat terrorism, the government was not prepared during the second Boston attack (Fuchis, 4). The Boston marathon attack has raised so many questions on whether the government has done enough following

Xi Jinpings Negative Effect on China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Xi Jinpings Negative Effect on China - Essay Example This paper examines how subsequent Chinese leaders, through China’s Communist Party (CCP) have helped the country reclaim its lost glory. In essence, former leaders such as Deng Xiaoping advocated for decentralized and non-personalistic leadership as the only way through which China could prosper. However, Xi Jinping, the current State President, and Party leader seems to be deviating from this ideology and is leading China to a darker period than that witnessed in the Mao era. Prior to the 1800s, China was experiencing an economic boom as a result of silver inflow into the country in exchange for Chinese exports. However, according to Naughton the British felt threatened by the Chinese and started importing excess amounts of opium into China1. The attempt by China to stop the influx of opium led to the opium war during which China suffered degrading defeat and severe economic meltdown Naughton2. Consequently, Chinese leaders started formulating ideologies that were geared towards regaining national pride. However, as Naughton writes, most of these strategies continued concentrating on centralized and personalistic leadership especially during the Maoist era3. These are the same strategies that Xi Jinping is continuing to advance on China, thus leading China on a dark retrogressive path. Deng Xiaoping is one of the most celebrated Chinese leaders credited for bringing about reforms aimed at controlling the abuse of power by the Party’s general secretaries. As a supreme leader, Deng was able to ensure the decentralization of power within the government, going as far as removing secretary generals whose policies were in conflict with national interest. For example, according to Lawrence and Martin, before his death in 1997, Deng had removed Jiang Zemin and Zhao Ziyang from the Party secretariat for leading the Tiananmen massacre4.However, China today has no such supreme leader with such powers. As such, when an opportunistic leader such as Xi Jinping comes into the office and tries to amass personal power, there are limited avenues of stopping controlling such personal interests.

Marketing Principles of Tesco Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Principles of Tesco Plc - Essay Example In the paper, a proposal on how Tesco can position a product in a new market will be examined. The microenvironment mostly consists of the various factors that impact the company’s operations directly or indirectly especially from an internal perspective. A rivalry is one of these factors. Tesco has several rivals in the business such as Morrison and Sainsbury’s and needs to keep its position in the market. They have to make sure that their quality, pricing, products, and convenience keep them above their competitors. This is because these are some of the strongest factors that may drive profits to zero if not looked into carefully. A threat of substitutes is another factor that needs to be considered. This is because the products may be sourced from other companies in the same business environment and this would reduce its attractiveness to its clientele. It is, however, benefiting from its bulk purchases since it gets its products at cheaper prices and with greater be nefits trickling down to the clients at the end of the day. Suppliers also determine how a company fairs. This is a horizontal factor that needs to be highly regarded. It affects the production costs and eventually the pricing. They have, however, maintained a tight grip on their suppliers which has made it difficult for the suppliers to look for alternatives. They take bulk orders which the suppliers’ desire and thus making it possible for Tesco to regulate the prices to suit their clientele. The threat of a new entrant poses considerable danger to the company because it has the ability to influence profitability and control the market share. To counter this, they engage in expensive advertising which makes it difficult for the smaller or new companies to match.

Capacity Planning and Financial Appraisal Essay

Capacity Planning and Financial Appraisal - Essay Example 3. The utilization of the workcentres is assumed to be 100%. This assumption ignores any machine downtime for various reasons such as breakdown, power failure, lack of materials or labour, and planned maintenance. (Vorne industries, 2008) However, the actual number of machines planned for procurement is higher than the calculated number by a substantial amount in the case of each type of workcentre. This has occurred partly due to rounding off of fractional requirements. Where the rounding off involved marginal increases, as in the case of Workcentres A and C, the rounding off has been carried over to the next higher figure. Because of this, there is enough in-built cushion in the calculated figure to take care of lower utilization. 4. Interference or waiting times have been assumed to be zero. Interference and waiting times can arise because of unbalanced line in which some of the machines have less capacity than others causing a pile up at these centres. Waiting times can also occur when disparate products are being scheduled one at a time, and the schedules fail to take care of piling of jobs at the same time at a workcentre, causing some of the parts/products to wait. In the present case, there is a continuous production of five different products with the same processing times. Although this could lead to scheduling problems because of changeover from one product to another, in this particular case, it is unlikely to happen because all products take the same time to process. Moreover, there is sufficient cushion available in the capacities due to rounding off, to take care of any waiting time. The financial viability of the new plant is to be checked using the IRR method. The Operations Director (OD) has set a criterion for selection of projects based on the IRR of the project. According to this criterion, projects having an IRR of more than 30% are to be

Marketing Principles of Tesco Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Principles of Tesco Plc - Essay Example In the paper, a proposal on how Tesco can position a product in a new market will be examined. The microenvironment mostly consists of the various factors that impact the company’s operations directly or indirectly especially from an internal perspective. A rivalry is one of these factors. Tesco has several rivals in the business such as Morrison and Sainsbury’s and needs to keep its position in the market. They have to make sure that their quality, pricing, products, and convenience keep them above their competitors. This is because these are some of the strongest factors that may drive profits to zero if not looked into carefully. A threat of substitutes is another factor that needs to be considered. This is because the products may be sourced from other companies in the same business environment and this would reduce its attractiveness to its clientele. It is, however, benefiting from its bulk purchases since it gets its products at cheaper prices and with greater be nefits trickling down to the clients at the end of the day. Suppliers also determine how a company fairs. This is a horizontal factor that needs to be highly regarded. It affects the production costs and eventually the pricing. They have, however, maintained a tight grip on their suppliers which has made it difficult for the suppliers to look for alternatives. They take bulk orders which the suppliers’ desire and thus making it possible for Tesco to regulate the prices to suit their clientele. The threat of a new entrant poses considerable danger to the company because it has the ability to influence profitability and control the market share. To counter this, they engage in expensive advertising which makes it difficult for the smaller or new companies to match.

Culturally competent care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Culturally competent care - Essay Example This means that the department of veteran affairs is forced to meet with the needs of many soldiers over a prolonged time period- something which has forced it to expand in order to cater for the needs of various ex-soldiers from different ethnic backgrounds. There is a reason why army veterans require specialized care. Military service members do not face the same challenges as other members of the society. Their very job requires them to put their lives in danger constantly whenever the country is engaged in a conflict with a different nation. Many times, the challenges that soldiers face are life-threatening and require immediate specialized care. Some of these injuries include gunshot wounds, lost limbs, wounds caused by shrapnel and head injuries that affect a soldier’s daily functions or even speech and thought patterns. Military service members may also be exposed to environmental pollutants like harmful chemicals used by the opposing army, contaminated water and biolog ical weapons. There are also the mental stresses of being in a war. Being separated from one’s family and friends for an extended period of time is a difficult thing for any ordinary human being. It becomes harder for both the soldier and his or her family when both parties are aware that the soldier might never return home. Many times, the families of soldiers have sought counseling services to help them to cope with such possibilities. Another cause of mental anguish is the act of war. Killing and maiming other human beings is a difficult undertaking for even the most hard-hearted individual. Soldiers are required to do it repeatedly and automatically when ordered to do so by their commanding officers. They are also expected to ignore their fears and constantly put themselves in the way of danger. This causes mental problems such as post traumatic stress disorder and depression- which are conditions that the soldiers carry home with them even after the war is over (Jakupcak , Luterek, Hunt, Conbeare and McFall, 2008). According to (Erbes, Westermeyer, Engdahl and Johnsen (2007), more than ten war veterans commit suicide every day due to their inability to handle mental states of depressions and post traumatic stress disorder. There have also recently been reports of war veterans who took their own lives after eliminating their whole families. When they return from war situations, soldiers require healthcare benefits that will enable them to live with some measure of peace and comfort. They also usually require a lot of mental support so that they can process through the horrifying things that they may have witnessed during the war. The department of Veteran Affairs has successfully established a 24-hour suicide hot-line that helps soldiers to deal with issues they may be experiencing but feel unable to tell even family members. Standards of cultural competence that appear to be met and any that are not met The Department of Veteran Affairs defines mino rity veterans as ex-soldiers who are of Asian American, African Americans, Pacific Islander, Native American, Hispanic, Native Hawaiian, or Alaska Native origin. According to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), roughly 20% of the country’s 23.5 million veterans are from these ethnic backgrounds (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2013). Similar to other racial minority populations

Aqua Fish Canada Inc Essay Example for Free

Aqua Fish Canada Inc Essay May 2007 to April 2009 Update Over the past two years, AFC has faced more intense competition, particularly from aquaculturists in Chile. In addition, Chilean output has increased the supply of salmon and the Canadian dollar has strengthened in relation to the U. S. dollar. As a result, AFC has been unable to meet its budgeted revenue targets. Stocks of unsold harvestable fish have increased, as well as the corresponding cost of maintaining the fish, and the company barely made a profit in fiscal 2009. In January 2009, AFC lost one of its largest retail customers, SF Seafood, to a new salmon aquaculture firm, Nu-Farm Inc. This new competitor uses a sophisticated, computerized system for supply chain and product distribution functions. The system allows Nu-Farm to establish web links with customers, such as SF Seafood, and to manage orders and deliveries directly for each of the customer’s retail outlets. This has eliminated the need for customers to make separate arrangements to receive and warehouse fresh fish, and to ultimately distribute the fish to their retail locations. In February 2009, 2,000 kilograms of fish from Site 4 were rejected by three important customers, two of which are located in the United States. An internal investigation revealed that two employees at Site 4 had neglected to follow established procedures and failed to reject some fish that did not meet quality standards and were not certified by the staff veterinarian. In April 2009, employees neglected to secure some of the net-pens at Site 3. During a storm, more than 300,000 kilograms of young fish escaped from these net-pens and most were subsequently lost to predators. Although the company’s property and liability insurance covers criminal theft of fish, it does not cover the loss of fish from disease, parasites, escape, or predators. In addition, there is no liability coverage with respect to food poisoning or diseases caused by the salmon, or environmental damage caused by the farm’s operations. The lost salmon had a book inventory value of $690,000, which was written off in fiscal 2009. The ultimate sales value of the lost fish had they grown to harvestable weight is approximately $1. 5 million. It will cost $200,000 to repair the damaged pens. Domestic and Export Markets Guy Mills is dissatisfied with the company’s geographic sales distribution, which has not changed since 2006, and would like to increase overseas sales. He has requested Juliette Maise to investigate the possibility of opening an overseas sales office. Experts predict that demand for all forms of salmon will grow at a record pace in overseas markets, particularly in developing countries. It is expected that Canada’s international reputation for salmon and other fish will remain high. A market analysis by a respected source, published in May 2009, indicates that the market for fresh salmon is maturing very rapidly in Canada and the U. S. , as consumer tastes become more sophisticated and demand begins to shift to shellfish and various exotic, imported fish. New packaging methods have been developed for mussels, which has enabled live fresh mussels to be exported to markets at greater distances from the farms. The wholesale market price for Canadian mussels has remained stable at about $1. 40 per kg, but is expected to increase to $1. 0 over the next few years. In the past few years, global supplies of American oysters have decreased after hurricanes destroyed a significant percentage of the oyster farms in the southern U. S. At the same time, the popularity of these oysters by consumers in North America and Europe has been increasing. As a result, the market price for American oysters farmed in Canada significantly increased from $1. 80 per kg in 2006 to $2. 70 per kg in 2009. The re-established farms in the southern U. S. are expected to have their first new harvests in another year or two. New Strategic Goals The board of directors met in May 2009 after receiving the financial statements for 2009. Guy Mills provided the board with a summary of selected site and segment data (see Appendix 1), and reported that the decreased profits in 2009 were caused by the Site 3 problems, the decrease in market value, the strengthening Canadian dollar versus the U. S. dollar, and the increased feed costs. He also indicated that he expected the four sites to yield an average of 3. 8 million kilograms (950,000 kilograms per site) of harvested fish per year, assuming that no further unusual losses were incurred. Given the current market conditions and the risk of having to decrease prices or lose export sales to the U. S. , the board decided that the company should move into other markets and diversify into shellfish farming. No dividends would be paid for the next year or two to free up some cash to invest in new projects. The board directed Mills to investigate establishing shellfish aquaculture sites and develop a business strategy for increasing the profitability of the current salmon operations. They indicated that any proposed investment should generate a minimum after-tax return of 10% within five years. Shellfish Aquaculture Opportunity Mills explored opportunities for diversifying into shellfish aquaculture. He found two potential opportunities (a mussel farm and an oyster farm) and wondered which one should be pursued or whether both should be pursued. A summary of the costs and yields for establishing these farms is provided in Appendix 2. Project Blue Wave Over the past two years, Dr. Lily Stern has been investigating what makes some salmon in an aquaculture environment grow more quickly than others, have better disease resistance, and develop higher-quality flesh. Her studies have led her to submit a proposal for Project Blue Wave (see Appendix 3), which would use leading-edge genetic engineering to develop a strain of Atlantic salmon with superior qualities specifically suited to aquaculture. Dr. Stern insists that this is a new approach to finfish aquaculture and feels that it would revolutionize the industry. Executive Meeting – June 15, 2008 Mills suggested that AFC could increase revenues by pursuing overseas markets more aggressively. He also indicated that the company should find ways to decrease operating costs. He presented the two options for expanding into shellfish aquaculture and Dr. Stern’s Project Blue Wave proposal for discussion and asked for any new ideas to achieve the board’s goals. Mills also reported that residents in the vicinity of Site 3 were investigating the possibility of launching a lawsuit against AFC if they could gather enough evidence to prove that the escaped fish were causing environmental damage and contaminating the wild fish. In the past, similar lawsuits have had a 10% success rate with damages amounting to $10 million. Vanic questioned the wisdom of establishing a mussel farm in PEI. He indicated that many such farms become infested with an invasive parasite that attaches itself to the growing mussels. The parasites do not have a significant impact on the growth period or meat yields of mussels; however, maintenance, harvest and distribution costs are significantly increased (20% more variable production, 10% more fixed production, and 14% more variable distribution costs). Employees also dislike handling mussels infested with the parasite. Egin indicated that only about 25% of mussel farms get infected with the parasite. He was more interested in the Project Blue Wave proposal and suggested that it had a very good chance of realizing greater than market returns. He indicated that the RD department had been conducting some preliminary research on genetic engineering and the scientists believe they are on the brink of delivering results, if supported with a little more investment. Jacques Dubois wondered whether the chances of successfully developing a fastergrowing salmon were much lower than Egin or Dr.  Stern realized and that a much larger aquaculture organization, or the government, would be doing this research if it were a project worth pursuing. He felt that too much money had already been spent on RD and not enough on operational efficiencies, supply chain management, and technologies. Dubois also wondered whether AFC should consider adopting IFRSs for financial reporting and, if so, what the major implications of the conversion would be. After the meeting, Mills directed Adam Rice, Controller, to review the company’s strategic options and operational issues. Other Information Rice began by interviewing various staff members, and made the following notes: 1. The variability of the fishing industry has made banks very cautious. Consequently, the Eastern Bank of Canada would be willing to provide a loan of no more than $3 million at an annual interest rate of 8%, on the condition that AFC maintain a gross profit margin of at least 20%. 2. Maise has determined that Paris, France would be an ideal location for an overseas sales office. Space could be leased for CDN$5,000 per month and a local salesperson could be hired for an annual base salary of CDN$20,000 plus a four percent sales commission. Maise estimates that this office could generate annual sales of up to 500,000 kilograms of fresh whole salmon. She also indicated that there is a strong market for oysters in France, if they could be transported in an economical manner. 3. Rob Vanic predicts that world fuel prices will continue to increase and that the risk of spoilage of fresh seafood shipped overseas will double. In fiscal 2009, two percent of overseas shipments of salmon were lost or spoiled before reaching the customers. 4. An investigation of the variable cost variances at Sites 3 and 4 revealed that the employees were overfeeding the fish, resulting in an excess amount of feed falling to the ocean floor. At Sites 1 and 2, the employees are well trained and experienced. 5. In June 2009, an important, high-potential overseas customer asked an AFC salesperson to ship crates of fish purchased for US$6,000 with documentation that stated the value as US$2,000. Apparently, this request was for customs purposes. The salesperson consulted Maise, who indicated that the company’s policy to please the customer applied in this and all other cases. The salesperson brought the matter to Rice’s attention. 6. Costs of preliminary research on genetic engineering have been expensed in the year incurred. 7. Genetic engineering is a common practice in the agriculture and livestock industries. Proponents of organic and natural foods have increasingly complained about the ethical issues surrounding genetic tampering. 8. A discount rate of 10% after taxes is used for evaluating capital investments.

Methods Used in the Bio-Medical Industry

Methods Used in the Bio-Medical Industry In this essay we will be exploring three methods by which materials are either separated, analysed, or both and their relevance and application in the biomedical industry. We will be looking at Electrophoresis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Gas Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GLC-MS). Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA material based on their size which has applications in DNA forensics. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance is a technique used to visually determine what the composition of a live tissue is which has applications in medical science. Gas Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry is a technique used to determine the chemical composition of the substance that is being tested which has applications in blood doping in sports where the blood needs to be chemically analysed for its composition whether it contains banned substances. Chemistry is a very broad subject which has influence in almost every industry. This essay will attempt to cover these three methods knowing that it has only skimmed the surface. The first separation technique that we will discuss is electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is used extensively in biochemical analysis. In particular, it is used in DNA fingerprinting and profiling in the field of forensic science. It can be used to separate, identify and purify proteins and nucleic acids. It can be used with amino acids and peptides obtained when a protein is hydrolysed. This basis for how this method works is that it depends on the fact that all DNA molecules are polar. Thus it is known to be impossible for there to have a compound with the same polarities. Another issue that might be raised is would the mass of the sample affect this separation technique? The answer is yes and no. It will affect it by making the DNA fingerprinting band hard to form. Thus chemists have developed different agarose medium gels for different compounds that have different properties such as pH and mass. The agarose gel can differ in density and pH, for example, to accommodate the differen t types of sample that is being tested. In that way, the effect that mass or even pH might on the result is negated and an accurate result is produced. The DNA of each person is basically similar in its chemical structure. The two strands in the double helix of DNA are held in place via hydrogen bonds between base pairs. The DNA stores the information – call the genes – that provide the genetic blueprints for making proteins. However, there are segments along the DNA molecules which do not seem to carry the instructions needed to make proteins. These bits of DNA are repeated along the DNA molecule. They are called ‘minisatellites’. The number and sequence of these is unique to each person. DNA fingerprinting is based on matching these minisatellite regions of DNA. We inherit half from our mother and the other half from our father. How does it work? Firstly, DNA would be extracted from a sample such as a murder weapon. Next, Restriction enzymes are used to ‘cut’ the DNA molecule at specific places where the same sequences occurs, making smaller fragments for analysis. Because DNA fragments are all negatively charged because of the phosphate groups present them will all move towards the positive electrode in gel electrophoresis. When they move towards the positive electrode in gel electrophoresis, the fragments move at different rates because they have different sizes. And this creates bands. The bands are then made visible by radioactive labelling of the bands with the phosphorus-32 isotope, which causes photographic film to fog. Thus the result is a film that can reveal the positions of the bands and by inference, the identity of the person whose DNA is being tested upon. The analytical technique of electrophoresis is based on separating ions placed in an electric field. If a sample is placed between two electrodes, positively charged ions will move towards a negatively charged electrode. Negatively charged ions will move towards a positively charged electrode. The sample is placed on absorbent paper or on a gel supported on a solid base such as a glass plate. A buffer solution carries the ions along. A buffer solution or medium is used in this method. This is to not only provide a means for the electricity to separate the ions but also as a means to stabilize the pH level because it will affect the movement of ions during electrophoresis. The rate at which the ions move towards the oppositely charged electrode depends, amongst other things, on the size and charge on the ions: larger ions will move more slowly; highly charged ions will move more quickly. Therefore the ions are separated as the electric field is applied. A series of lines or bands on the paper or gel appears once a chemical is applied. Sometimes ultraviolet light is used to show the bands up. The series of bands is called an electropherogram. The bands form a sort of fingerprint as every DNA will show up a different series of bands. In the same way that a thumbprint is uniqu e to a person, these bands made by DNA is unique to every person. A particular limitation is that this experiment does require electricity, an agarose gel medium, a container to store the gel, and it requires a lab free from impurities as it has a high intolerance for contaminants. This may limit the reach of DNA fingerprinting in rural areas or places in third-world countries where access to a biologically clean lab may be difficult. The transport equation for electrophoresis is . C would represent the concentration of the substance undergoing electrophoresis and t wold represent the transport after progressing for a time. This equation explains how time actually affects the concentration of the substance. (Jordan and Mills, 1966) The next technique that we will look at is an analytical technique called the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). NMR is mainly used to diagnose medical problems. The technique of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanning has been adapted from NMR spectroscopy. The patient is placed inside a body scanner which generates a powerful magnetic field. A computer analyses the radiowaves absorbed by 1H nuclei in successive ‘slices’ of the body, combining these to make a 3-D image of organs inside the body. The reason that a 3D picture of an organ can be produced just by flipping protons in different magnetic environments can be explained as such. By flipping the protons, a magnetic wave is produced. This wave contains energy that can be measured. When scanning the body, the strength and pattern of this wave is hugely affected by the type, density, and weight of the body that is being measured. Different parts of the body will give off a different wave because not all parts of the body are the same. Some parts of the body contain more muscle or bone than other parts. Thus after scanning the body, data is collected from scanning the different parts of the body that yield different results. Computer imaging software then processes the data that has been collected by the MRI machine and produces a 3D image based on the type of data that it receives. In this way NMR can be explained as such. MRI is much safer than high-energy X-ray imaging. As an example of its use, MRI can monitor the success of cancer treatment in reducing the size of tumours. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a widely used analytical technique for organic compounds. NMR is based on the fact that the nucleus of each hydrogen atom in an organic molecule behaves like a tiny magnet. The nucleus of a hydrogen atom consists of a single proton. The proton can spin. This movement of the positively charged proton causes a very small magnetic field to be set up. In NMR the sample is goes to be analysed in a magnetic field. The hydrogen nuclei (protons) either line up with the field or, by spinning in the opposite direction, line up against it. There is a tiny difference in energy between the oppositely spinning 1H nuclei. This difference corresponds to the energy carried by waves in the radiowave range of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. In NMR spectroscopy the nuclei ‘flip’ between the two energy levels. Only atoms whose mass number is an odd number, e.g. 1H or 13C, absorb energy in the range of frequencies that are analysed. The size of the gap between the nuclear energy levels varies slightly, depending on the other atoms in the molecule (the molecular environment). Therefore, NMR can be used to identify 1H atoms in different parts of a molecule. In NMR spectroscopy, we vary the magnetic field as that is easier than varying the wavelength of radiowaves. As the magnetic field is varied, the 1H nuclei in different molecular environments flip at different field strengths. The different field strengths are measured relative to a reference compound which is given a value of zero. The standard compound chosen is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS was chosen because it is an inert, volatile liquid which mixes well with most organic compounds. Its formula is Si (CH3)4, so all its H atoms are equivalent (i.e. they are all in the same molecular environment). TMS only gives one, sharp absorption, called a peak, and this peak is at a higher frequency than most other protons. All other absorptions are measured by their sh ift away from the TMS line on the NMR spectrum. This is called the chemical shift (ÃŽ ´), and is measured in units of parts per million (ppm). The spins within the MRI possess a natural frequency that is proportional to the magnetic field. This is called the Larmor relationship equation. This equation explains the method behind the MRI. Larmor relationship equation ω = ÃŽ ³B Some limitations that can be inferred from data would be that portability, the need for a large amount of electricity, the exclusion of people with tattoos that has ink mixed with metal, people with pacemakers, morbidly obese people, or people who are claustrophobic. Lastly we will look at a separation and analytical technique called the gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer technique. To identify the components in a mixture, it is possible to link a gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) apparatus directly to a mass spectrometer. This combined technique is very sensitive, and any two solutes that can be separated with a time gap of 1 second on a GLC column can be identified almost instantly by the mass spectrometer without the need to be collected. Identification is by comparing the mass spectrum of each solute with the mass spectra of known compounds, using a computer’s spectral database. The generated is complex. There can be many components in a mixture, each with a peak at its particular retention time on the chromatogram, and each peak will generate its own characteristic series of lines in the mass spectrometer. It is possible to combine the chromatogram and the mass spectra to display the data on a 3-D graph. GLC linked to a mass spectrometer is used for analysing complex mixtures. The combined technique is fast and gives reliable results that can identify trace quantities of pollutants, drugs, biochemical molecules and toxins. This means it is used in: forensics, environmental monitoring of pollutants, drug testing in sports, geological and archaeological dating, or even airport security. Gas-liquid chromatography, referred to as GLC, uses partitioning to separate and identify the components in a mixture. How does it work? First, an inert carrier gas such as nitrogen passes in the gas chromatograph to flush the mixture of vapours through the instrument. The mixture to be separated is injected into the instrument through a self-sealing rubber port. Next, an oven heats the injector to vaporise the contents of the mixture, to turn the mixture into a gas if it is not a gas yet. The sample passes through a snail like column oven. After which, the column oven keeps the mixture inside the column in the gaseous state and at a constant temperature. Within the long and thin column there will be a stationary phase, which is often a non-volatile liquid coated onto a solid support. Next, the components of the mixture interact with the stationary phase to different extents, so they move through the column at different rates. Then it passes the sample on to the mass spectrometer to be identified through a tube that is kept at a warm temperature. The stationary phase is an inert carrier gas. This is packed tightly into a column. This has to be forced under pressure through the densely packed column where separation occurs. The tiny solid particles in the column have a very large surface area over which partitioning can occur, resulting in excellent separation. The more polar components in the mixture have a greater relative solubility in the polar solvent. Therefore they are carried through the column faster than components whose molecules are more non-polar (which dissolves better in the non-polar stationary phase in the column). The detector records retention times, i.e. how long it takes each component to pass through the column. The area under each peak recorded is proportional to the amount of solute emerging from the column. For quantitative analysis, the component peaks are first identified and then the area of each is measured. The peaks are roughly triangular in shape so their area follows the area formula. Area is The sample would now go into the mass spectrometer where it will analyse the components of the mixture as they emerge from the column. In the mass spectrometer’s results you can determine the relative proportions of the components of the mixture (from the relative areas of the peaks obtained from the recorded current flow) and the identity of each substance (by matching their mass spectra against a computer database of know spectra (fingerprinting). How does the mass spectrometer separate and identify the gas? First, The vacuum pump first removes unwanted previous sample and air which could interact with the sample by either colliding or reacting with the sample which would contaminate the sample and interfere with the final result. The sample then enters through the sample inlet to proceed to the inside of the mass spectrometer. Next, the sample would enter the vaporisation chamber where a heating coil in the vaporisation chamber converts the sample to a gas if it had not been a gas already. Following that, the sample would proceed into the ionisation chamber where an electron gun bombards electrons at the gaseous sample converting them to positive ions. The equation for this is . The sample at this stage would be go to the accelerator which contains negatively charged electric plates where it accelerates the ions towards the magnetic field. The gaseous ions when approaching the magnetic field would be separated according to t heir mass to charge ratio (). The lighter ions are deflected more, and the heavier ions are deflected less. At the end of the sample’s route is an ion detector where the signal is converted to an electric one. The electric signal is sent to a recorder that interprets this data and plots a graph for analysis because the ions hit the recorder in different positions according to their mass to charge ratio. Lastly, the position where the ions hit the detector plate tells you their relative atomic mass. A practical application for a gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer is in the analysis of urine samples from athletes for banned substances such as steroids or stimulants or even in medical research to separate peptides and proteins. Some advantages of using this method in separating and analysing the sample is that it is possible to determine the percentages of dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in blood samples as small as 1.0 cm3. Some of the disadvantages are that similar compounds will have similar retention times and if a newly discovered compound is detected it will not have a match in the computer’s database of retention points. As a conclusion, electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer are techniques that affect everyday life. Electrophoresis has a useful function in helping to match the DNA from a crime scene to the criminal in cases where more evidence were need to convict the right person. The nuclear magnetic resonance machines have a the ability to form a 3D image of your inner body and that is useful in the case where detailed analysis of patients in a hospital is important. Other techniques for analysis are mostly either too invasive or too slow. Last but not least is the gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer whose function is to separate compounds to analyse the composition. 1

Franks Landing Essay -- Sociology, The Nisqually Culture

Fishing and hunting have been at the core of many American Indian cultures like the Nisqually since precontact. Indian hunting, fishing and gathering were conducted then—as they are now—not for sport, but for food and for a livelihood. This was well understood by the early colonists and later by the U.S. government. Thus, many of the treaties (e.g., Medicine Creek, 1854) negotiated between the federal government and Indian tribes in the nineteenth century contained provisions guaranteeing rights to hunt and fish. In the trea ¬ty negotiated by Isaac Stevens, the tribe ceded to the U.S. some of the Nisqually vil ¬lages and prairies, but Article Three reserved the tribe’s right to fish â€Å"at all usual and accustomed grounds and stations†¦in common with all citizens of the Territory.† (FL 12) But the growth of the European American population, and with it the proliferation of fenced lands, the destruction of natural habitat, and often the destructi on of wildlife itself, drastically curtailed the Indians' ability to carry on these activities. Charles Wilkinson’s thesis declares that the â€Å"messages from Frank’s Landing† are â€Å"messages about ourselves, about the natural world, about societies past, about this society, and about societies to come.† (FL 6) Billy affectionately described his homeland (the key component of â€Å"peoplehood† i.e., the Nisqually watershed on South Puget Sound of the Nisqually River, creeks (Muck Creek), rolling prairie and forestland as well as the foothills of the Cascades Mountains and Mt Rainier) as â€Å"a magical place† where his family â€Å"never wished for anything: fish from the water ¬shed, vegetables up on the prairie, medicines, shellfish, and huckleberries†¦clean water, clean air.† He describes the arrival of L... ...s preferred by them or by the state.† In 1974 Judge Boldt ruled that a â€Å"fair share† meant Indian fishers are entitled to half (50%) of the harvestable catch of salmon. (FL 50) After a short-term negative backlash, the long-term result has been cooperation between federal, state and tribal governments over fish harvests and resource management since the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Boldt decision in U.S. v. Washington (1980). (FL 50) Billy’s commitment to his traditional way of life did not end with the stunning Boldt decision. (FL 56)He became chairman of the North ¬west Indian Fisheries Commission in order to â€Å"speak for the salmon† on behalf of treaty tribes in Western Washington. Under his leadership, and through his exceptional skills as a negotiator, the tribes gained a reputation for being unsurpassed in their abilities as natural resource managers.

Unrestricted Capitalist Development and the International Monetary Fund

Unrestricted Capitalist Development and the International Monetary Fund: Their Economic and Social Effects on Buenos Aires. Argentina The day is Friday, December 21, 2001. After three days of massive riots the city of Buenos Aires looks like an abandoned battlefield. Its grand palm-lined avenues are strewn with burnt-out shells of cars, smashed glass, rocks, and twisted furniture. Unemployed people, pensioners, and women with babies climb through smashed supermarket windows searching for any food that looters left behind. Most banks and shops are closed, and dazed people wander the streets, confused and fearful of their nation’s state of affairs (Arie 11). The â€Å"battle† started on Monday, December 17, with massive food riots and looting of trucks transporting food, led by thousands of poor families. The Argentine government said there were 20,000 looters in Buenos Aires alone, as citizens broke into stores and smashed shop windows, stealing items including food, clothing, and toilet paper (Gardner 9). Food riots erupted in the working-class belt surrounding the capital, such as Lanus, as well (Rohter 6). Television footage from Rosario, a city northwest of Buenos Aires, showed more than one hundred slum dwellers descending on an overturned cattle truck and slaughtering the animals with sticks and knives so they could carry off chunks of meat (Abel 20). Silvia Tebez, an unemployed 27-year-old mother of three said, â€Å"a few hooligans made off with television sets and the like, but by and large these were parents who were hungry, with no money and no hopes of obtaining any† (Rohter 6). Hungry or not, the government, headed by President Fernando de la Rua, attempted to control the rioters by instituting a sta... ...State University of New York Press, 1987. Rodriquez, Alfonso. â€Å"Argentine Food Riots End, But Hunger Doesn’t.† The New York Times. 24 December 2001: 18. Rohter, Larry. â€Å"Argentine Food Riots End, But Hunger Doesn’t.† The New York Times.23 December 2001: A6. Soriano, Alex. â€Å"Argentine Police Smash Protest by Workers.† The Montreal Gazette.19 April 2002: 12. Sparr, Pamela. Mortgaging Women’s Lives: Feminist Critiques of Structural Adjustment. London and New Jersey: Zed Books Ltd., 1994. U.S. government. 12 April 2002: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook. Valente, Marcela. â€Å"Labor-Argentina: Workers Give New Life to Abandoned Factories.† Inter Press Service. 19 March 2002: 1-3. Ximenez, Daniel. â€Å"Argentina People Throw the Bastards Out.† Labor Notes. 22 February 2002. http://www.labornotes.com.

Case study euro disney

Being a staff assistant to the Euro Disney president, a grand inaugural will be considered highly important. The maximum hype that the place is going to achieve is during the opening days. While we take all the efforts to bring in a big mass of people, it is also our responsibility to keep them with us for the future business. For the same reason price skimming and expensive accommodation Is not recommended to an extent. Making the people experience what we have to offer Is more Important than setting a high price. An entertainment business Is something that will be always up as long as we keep up their expectations.Glenn them a homely feel first and providing an exceptional satisfaction In the Minimal days will grow the customer database. So a pricey tag should not be received at first Itself. Keeping the price low would attract more customers and the volume of the business will be more In which all kinds of people could participate. Keeping a higher tier makes a particular set of p eople to be a part of and the volume could be less In terms of gross profit, So moderate pricing is advisable to keep the business up with the support of all the classes.Every organization keeps a target and the time frame in most organization would be around six months to have a fair analysis. If they are not being met, the contingency planning has to be in place. We will have to look deeply into the key factors being the decreased number of visitors. The main revenue is the visitors, if they are not coming in; there is no generation of revenue. So a much more effective business plan has to come into effect.I feel implementing a set of new packages has to be introduced where the one time entry fee includes all the rides, weekdays' unlimited rides, Group packages and bonus coupons has to be included too. In terms of marketing, this place should be a venue for major concerts and occasions. Issuing of a day pass that includes the concert fee and the rides can help to bring in a huge v olume. Serving unique food and refreshments will give them an entirely new experience and this crave can increase the revenue from the hospitality wing.Making eels with big corporations, educational institutions and organizations can also be an effective way of developing business. The place should be always lively by hosting various entertainment shows and good media attention has to be established by projecting new rides and testimonials. We need to make a monopoly in giving an unmatched experience and not by the brand name. It gets successful when people wont give a second thought about Euro Disney when It comes to leisure.As an Operational Vice President of Euro Disney, I will Implement strong professional ethics ND customer satisfaction culture Inside the organization. Also would make leaders among the groups who can oversee the employee performances and give adequate training or allocate them to different areas of the organization where they can out shine much better. This Ind ustry Is all about serving customers and making them happy. Employees are the better face of the organization, so they have to be well groomed In and out.

Improving Study Habits Essay

â€Å"The greatest time saver is being organized. Establish routines that go like clockwork.† Maximizing time makes an individual productive. Personal time management is organizing and managing according to personal priorities, to get where one wants to go. Those who use this technique are the highest achievers in all walks of life. The interesting and essential step in beginning to manage time more effectively is to identify how time is being spent, because only through examining, one can begin to set priorities, eliminate time barriers and aids to better time management. In the course of Bachelor of Science in Psychology, students need to learn many skills that are needed in practicing the actual profession. Psychology students have so many academic requirements to prioritize, but they also have extra-curricular that are important as well, and they always need to cope with time pressure. College is an entirely different situation than high school. Classes consist of far fewer grades, but they are worth it when you are done. Do not tell yourself, â€Å"I’ll read the assignment later,† because often times you merely end up cramming right before the test; research indicates that cramming is not the best (nor is it the worst) method of studying. At first, different factors can affect the academic performance of a students in order to achieve success, going through the steps are necessary. It should provide time for students to review activities and prevent too many errors that results to unaccomplished tasks or tasks that are accomplished, but after several attempts to do so. It reduces avoidance and welcomes other opportunities that could help in preparing for other tasks. This study will contribute to the perception of the future psychology students in prioritizing the academic activities and requirements in terms of importance and urgency. The researchers conducted a survey regarding the said topic at Centro Escolar University among the second year psychology students. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the study habits and the effects to academic performance on psychology students’ particularly in the second year level. Habits (or wonts) are routines of behavior that are repeated regularly and tend to occur subconsciously or â€Å"A habit, from the standpoint of psychology, is a more or less fixed way of thinking, willing, or feeling acquired through previous repetition of a mental experience.† As behaviors are repeated in a consistent context, there is an incremental increase in the link between the context and the action. This increases the automaticity of the behavior in that context. Features of an automatic behavior are all or some of: efficiency, lack of awareness, unintentionally, and uncontrollability. And a bad habit is an undesirable behavior pattern. Anyone interested in getting better results, becoming more productive and ultimately more successful should probably take an honest look at the problem of procrastination. Most people think procrastination is just an issue that involves putting things off that can be done later without much of a penalty. But if procrastination will become your habit especially in your study what would be the effect of it in your academic performances? Statement of the problem. 1. What are the bad habits/behavior/attitude toward the respondent’s subjects? Ans. Gagawin pa yang sentence. Lack of interest in the subject area, Unable to set priorities (extra curricular activities, entertainment, etc.), Lack of prerequisites for success in the current subject area, Unstable home life ability to concentrate, lack of interest or motivation to succeed, procrastinating, habitual lateness, overextension, Inability to Prioritize, Negative Mindset and Fear of Failure 2. Does the negative attitudes and habits of psychology students affect their academic performances? 3. The reasons why they act/behave that way. Gagamitan naten to ng theories ha :†) at d pa to tapos. Lack of Focus, Family problems, social lives (including texting, IM’ing, etc.), outside distractions (phone, music, TV),

Diversity in the media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diversity in the media - Essay Example They may derive from any number of aspects of the communication content. â€Å"They may be considered as psychological or political or economic or sociological. They may operate upon opinions, values, information levels, skills, taste, or overt behavior† (Heibert, 2001). According to Don Rojas (2002), â€Å"News organizations help shape the perceptions of millions and, through these influences, even determine the destiny of our people. The media can either tell our stories accurately or misrepresent our experiences.† One media organization that is dedicated to reporting the news of the day with an alternative slant that purposely calls into question the one-sided viewpoint typically presented in more traditional programs is The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. Although it doesn’t at first seem to have any particular slant toward a gendered or racial audience, closer examination of the text and its associated advertising will reveal that this show is geared mostly to the traditional WASP (white anglo-saxon protestant) upwardly-mobile male viewer. The Daily Show is a 30-minute late night television program that airs each weeknight and bases its humor on the news events of the day, occasionally making biting observations on policymakers and other issues. It takes a decidedly and unapologetic liberal stance to the more conservatively reported news and events reported elsewhere. In the show, a single ‘news anchor’, Jon Stewart, recaps the headline news stories of the day through the use of actual news footage, previously taped field interviews, in-studio guest appearances and live coverage of events when possible. The show employs approximately five other individuals, most of them male, who are placed in a ‘reporter’ type position to cover in-field interviews or other features of the show. It is produced by Jon Stewart and Ben Karlin with co-executive

The Relationship between Animal Abuse and Domestic Violence Research Paper

The Relationship between Animal Abuse and Domestic Violence - Research Paper Example The strong bond of man to animals shows the capacity of the former to create meaningful bonds with other creatures not at the same step in the ladder of the intelligence hierarchy. Also, the positive effects of animals on human behavior became numerous as time progressed, which eventually lead to the creation of a new branch of sociology called environmental sociology, which deals with the relationship of the environment and the society (Zilney 1). Within the familial relationships that are abusive in nature, various kinds of cruelty are reported to exist. These would include emotional, physical, sexual, financial, and deliberate animal abuse (Taylor). Not only would one parent be suffering from either one of the abuses, but also the pain would resonate to other members of the household, including the children or pets. The perpetrator would most likely take down the weakest members of the household such as the pets in order to control the other victims (Brimer 654). However, because of the possible imprisonment that domestic violence could do to the abuser, the anger and aggression is instead turned to the animals instead, to further silence the other victims regarding the abuse. This makes it easier to detect animal abuse than domestic violence because even when the children or the abused parent are hidden from authorities, there are high chances that the neighbors would be witnessing such violence being done to the animals. Also, even without the presence of law enforcement officers, visiting veterinarians could assess if the animals are properly kept or not, thus further strengthening suspicions of domestic abuse (Ascione and Shapiro 571). It is also helpful to ask victims of abuse about their pets and how they interact with the abuser, because these victims may not be able to tell authorities right away about what they experience. By asking about their pets, law enforcement officers could identify if the abuse is not limited to the animal alone, which is mo re likely the case. Thus, by starting the interrogations from the treatment of animals, it can be expected that the victims would eventually confess to being abused themselves, thus implicating the abuser not just in hurting pets, but also other members in the family unit. With this in light, while the strength of the assumption that performing animal abuse itself causes domestic violence in the future, it is implicitly confirmed by researchers that animal abuse is highly correlated with domestic violence and therefore can be used to predict the abuser’s violent history as well as violence in the abuser’s future. Why the Study of Human-Animal Relationships went at a Slow Pace The relevance of understanding human relationships with non-humans were said to give additional insights to the need to study how the interactions of numerous creatures to men were able to help shape mankind’s behavior and culture (Zilney 6). Because of this notion, ethical lectures during the period of enlightenment by Immanuel Kant became ingrained sturdily in how men should treat animals. Kant was said to have mentioned that people who are cruel to animals are also cruel in dealing with other people (Linzey 1). Also, being abusive to weaker creatures become

Organization Development and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Organization Development and Change - Essay Example lly taking into consideration are the content of the agreement (contract) as well as the inter-personal relationships that may occur in the process of organizational development. It is usually imperative that certain issues, specifically the content of the contract are mentioned and comprehended at initial stage of the contract. One of the issues that is usually addressed by many organizations making efforts to engage into contract is clarification of the specific terms of the agreement: This is usually undertaken in order to ensure that the two parties do not engage in future conflicts by improving the level at, which they understand the terms of the contract. Another main focus in regard to content-oriented issues that are usually exhibited during contracts in organizational development process is the essence of addressing complex issues that may arise among professionals and stakeholders engaged in making the contract. That is, it is imperative to set terms that basically indicate the role of each stakeholder for instance: Who is responsible for solving any form of conflict that may arise in future; indicating issues to be addressed by the contract; ways by, which the overall goals of the contract will be achieved and the specific phases/stages of the organizational development process. The process of organizational development also involves the engagement into contract that basically leads into development of relationships. The process of organizational development usually begins with a scenario where one of the stakeholders in the organization contacts other organizational development practitioners in order to engage into a contract. The stakeholder may be the Chief Executive Officer or even a project manager that is facing challenges in regard to certain issues of organizational development. The process of determining whether the two parties should engage into any form of relationship is usually guided by a clear statement of the specific functions of the

Managerial Decision Making (see instructions) Essay

Managerial Decision Making (see instructions) - Essay Example Managers in todays business environment are faced with numerous often-unplanned events that require decision-making. In the past it was more common for a manager to decide the course of action individually or within formal groups. Important decisions in the business circle are now deemed too risky or important to be made entirely by one person. A manager must seek the right advice from several different sources. Decisions made by group when dealing with problems and issues take place everyday in the life of an organization. Today it is often common for many managers to seek involvement from lower level employees in the decision making process whenever it can be done. However it is not always possible just to ask a colleague what they should do. Most decisions will require a process of a greater degree of subordinate participation; these decisions can be made through a variety of different ways such as committees, task groups, departmental participation and so forth. It is said that making decisions in a group allows for every angle to be looked at and every possible idea to be created with every decision from a group offering the best solution this method of decision-making. This paper hopes to discuss advant ages of group decision-making using several theories and some real life case studies. We will see how participation in decision-making affects companies decisions; we will look at several helpful models i.e. vroom-jago model and all referencing it to real life situations and quotes from famous persons in the field (Schwenk, 1990, p.161–176) Managers as part of their job are faced with many decisions in which they have to undertake, it is up to the managers themselves to decide in what kind of way they want to make the decision and solve the problem. However groups can offer an essential feature in decision making for an organisation. As Coghlan points out: Membership of teams and groups shape perception and participation in organisational

Reflective Writing Assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reflective Writing Assignments - Essay Example However, there should be a limit to the free will since it can be disastrous at times (Campbell 9). A world without free will but with only good things happening is an incomplete world. This is because free will is an important component of life, and thus without it life can be sometimes unbearable. Conversely, a world where the presence of free will leads to occurrence of bad things is not good either. This is because people misuse the free will accorded to perform evil actions that may sometimes end up being disastrous (Campbell 13). This is because everyone perceives free will as the right to behave or do things that only pleases without considering the impact of such actions to fellow human beings. However, when comparing the two scenarios, it is better for one to live in a world without free will but has good things happening to him rather than live in a world with free will but the freedom makes him do evil things that at times prove disastrous. A world without free will is goo d since even though a person is denied the freedom of choice, he is not exposed to bad things associated with free will. For instance, a person can live without free will but he is properly treated and therefore, exposed to good things. This is because the person is only denied freedom of choice while accorded other good things of life, which might make life more bearable. This is true since at times the presence of free will exposes an individual to bad things; for instance, freedom of choice might lead a person to make wrong decisions with grave consequences (Campbell 18). Consequently, a world with free will is not good and forms a dangerous place since the freedom makes an individual perform evil actions. Thus, the free will leads to the occurrence of bad things with grave consequences. For instance, a world where each person is permitted to kill, maim, or even oppress one another is a bad place to live in since life becomes unbearable. In such world, people become revengeful an d so evil because there is no law or person dictating the free will. Therefore, since no human being prefers facing or experiencing bad things in life, it is better to live in a world with lots of good things but without free will. This is because there is more suffering in a world with free will since every person does what pleases him or her without considering the consequences of such action to other people within the surroundings (Campbell 25). For instance, in a world without freedom, an individual might decide to play booming music late in the night without considering the unnecessary noise and inconveniences caused to the sleepy neighbors. In a retaliatory attack, the neighbors might decide to attack and severely beat him since there is no law restricting them from doing such an action. From the two scenarios, it is clear that although free will is important in the world, too much of it is so dangerous since it can lead to the occurrence of bad things. Due to such scenarios, it is better to live in a world where freedom is restricted to avoid occurrence of bad things attributed to the free will. At least such a world will have minimal records of bad things occurring and this will make life at least bearable and enjoyable. (634 words) Q2. Is it okay to spend one being in order to save one thousand human beings? Is it okay to assassinate one human being in order to save one thousand human beings? Is it okay to draw up a battle plan that deliberately costs the lives of

Article Critique on “Black Hair” Essay Example for Free

Article Critique on â€Å"Black Hair† Essay This story discussed the life of a sixteen year old man who wanted to become independent in his life but does not know how to start. The protagonist of the story was the narrator. He showed his life in a blurred path where he could not able how to distinguish the facts and fictions of life. It means that he is still incapable of being a productive individual in his society because he himself could not understand how his life works in the general perspective of human nature. Though he knows how things work, he could not manage these things in normal and proper way. Because of this, the protagonist still need to learn from what is true, right, and wrong from everything that is beyond his reach so that there would be greater knowledge and self-esteem that would grow in his identity. Based on my reading in the whole story, I can say that the whole setup of the story tackles the issues and personal identity of the persona. He pitied himself because he did not know what he is doing in his surroundings. He does not know how to look for a right job, right home, and right place to go in his everyday living. This became the conflict of the story. Everything was focused in his ways and perspectives as neophyte in his journey of life. At the end of the story, he remained clueless with those things that he encountered even the coke machine where he could not find one when he is thirsty. The implication of the story is that the author showed the angst of a young man who seeks independence in the world of real life. When we are with our family, we could not feel the pressure of having a life. We always think of the better things that we could manage but through this story, we tend to realize how things work when we are already alone. It shows that life is always a cycle and a chosen ground. When we choose to ignore the things that we encounter during our early days, it would not give us the privilege to know what true life is because we are incapable of living – to understand and to learn things around us. Reference Soto, G. Black Hair pp. 296-302

Is Dictatorship Ever Justified Politics Essay

Is Dictatorship Ever Justified Politics Essay Many people take a negative light to dictatorship, even though in some countries it can really help to improve circumstances. Take for example Singapore, in 1960 it was slums and poverty, but in 1965 it became independent from Britain and took on a dictatorship under the Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. Lee transformed the slums into a thriving city, which now has one of the highest GDPs per person. This essay will take a look at dictatorships, in Singapore specifically, and answer the question of if they can ever be justified, and the subtopic questions the original raises. To understand the question one must first understand the context. The definition of a dictatorship is when one person or a group of people has absolute power, meaning that they have total control, no one can challenge them.  [1]  Dictatorships come into power when there is a weakness in government due to a financial problem or social problem. Singapore used to be full of poverty and uneducated people in the 1960s  [2]  , and when Lee Kuan Yew saw this, he saw an opportunity. He persuaded his way into power through the PAP (Peoples Action Party),  [3]  and begun to implement his plans for the city. However, he used his power to greater benefit the city and all its inhabitants, and this is called a benevolent dictatorship.  [4]  The other kind of dictator is called a tyrant, and it is the one that most people think of when they hear the word dictator: a cruel person or group who uses his or her power for himself or herself or a small portion of the population. Dictators are basically just the modern version, or word, really, of kings. There have been many famous, or really infamous, tyrants in history, and not so many benevolent ones. For example, there has been Hitler, Stalin, and Kim Jong-Il. All of these tyrants have given a bad reputation to dictatorship. In todays world, dictatorship is linked with cruelness and oppressiveness, but that is not always the case. Singapore is a great example of a justified dictatorship. Singapore was ruled by Britain until 1965 when they declared their independence. However, this meant that Singapore was cut off from Malaysias economy and Indonesia continued to threaten them, drying up their entrepot, a port that can import or export without paying import duties, taxes on the goods.  [5]  This greatly hurt Singapore but they did not despair. Because of this economic crisis, a dictator came into power. Lee Kuan Yew quickly cleaned up the place using a number of techniques. To control birth rates he put up free family planning clinics and ran a campaign while decreeing that women who have more than 2 children would get higher hospital bills, shorter maternity leaves and less income tax relief  [6]  . Lee also gave a $5000 reward to mothers who, after their second child, are sterilized. Sterilized mothers are given better housing and education for their kids.  [7]  On the problem of poverty and econo my, Lee came up with a brilliant solution. He required all workers to save 25% of their salaries, and the money can only be claimed after the age of 55.  [8]  This effectively cut down poverty so much that Singapore is now almost completely poverty-free. Almost all Singaporeans agree with these rules as well. They think that it is reasonable and they make sense. They do not fear the government either, they (most, at least) complain when they feel they need to.  [9]  The amazing part about all of this is that it was achieved through a dictatorship, something once associated with vile and cruel acts and feelings. Nothing comes without a price, unfortunately. Although Singapore is rich economically, they are harsh politically. Is this price worth it? Singapore has a harsh death penalty, which has been criticized before, and freedom of speech is suppressed. However, Singapore has virtually no criminals due to their government, so there were only 11 executions from 2008 to 2010.  [10]  There has also been some ill treatment, namely caning. Caning is when you are beat with a rod, though human rights say that is must be covered in antiseptic beforehand to ensure that there will not be any infections.  [11]  A good number of the offences that are punishable by caning are immigration violations.  [12]  On the other hand, Singapores economy has skyrocketed, it has one of the highest GDPs per person in the world, and their poverty rate is 0.3%. Americas poverty rate is 20%.  [13]  Another thing to address in this question is that although these treatments are incredibly strict and unor thodox, they get their job done. They are barely ever used, and when they are, it is only enforcing the point to people. Over all, most people would agree that these unusual treatments are not without reason, they do what they are supposed to do very well, and that the huge economic benefits outweigh the ethical downsides. Another thing to consider is whether Singapore is considered a dictatorship at all. Singapore is assumed to be a dictatorship because there is one party that runs unopposed, the Peoples Action Party. There are still elections but no one wants to run against them, mainly because the way they run the country is fine with everyone as explained before. Another reason why Singapore is a dictatorship is because Lee was in power for over 30 years, while in typical democracies like the U.S. there are term limits to prevent presidents or leaders from staying in power too long and becoming dictators. Yet another reason why Singapore is not a democracy is that the peoples opinion is very important in most democracies. In Singapore people can complain to the government but that does not mean that their opinion will be taken into effect, it is always the ruling partys decision. Nonetheless, this could have changed easily. If an opposing party ran against the PAP and won other parties may be inspi red to rise up as well, turning the dictatorship into a democracy quite quickly. This is why most dictators must find ways to force their people into submission so that they will not challenge his authority. The ruling party does not need to because they have acted in the peoples best interest and therefore the people have no need to challenge their authority, they already like what they are currently doing. These are the reasons that peoples assumptions about Singapore are right, that it is a dictatorship; it is just under the guise of a democracy. Even if Singapore is a dictatorship, what makes it a benevolent dictatorship? A few reasons have been mentioned before, but those arent fact enough. The problem with a question like this is that considering Singapore a benevolent dictatorship is all an opinion, it is all based on your point of view. So, to answer the question you must ask the people. In this case, the majority of people say that yes, the Peoples Action Party are benevolent dictators. However, people do not consider them to be dictators because they are benevolent. They associate dictatorship with meanness and cruelty, not kindness and the best interest of the people. But what are their reasons behind their decision to support their government? As mentioned before in this essay, the PAP have done much to control birth rates and they have also made savings mandatory so that old people can support themselves and to reduce poverty. Along with that the Peoples Action Party has helped to improve every apartment complex so that it either has or is near to a swimming pool, recreation centre, shopping centre, community centre, and a school. They have also helped to make sure that the apartments not be shabbily built and not tiny, either. The PAP has also practically declared war against bad habits, such as littering, jaywalking, spitting, smoking, gambling, and even anti-social behaviour. The fine for all of these (except for anti-social behaviour) is $250, though gambling in the state lottery is allowed.  [14]  The PAP has especially attacked smoking. During a certain Smoke-Free Week they put up signs everywhere saying, Stub it Out, Singapore! and other signs state the cities smoking deaths, around 10 a day back then. The best part about their campaign against smoking was not the signs, anyone can put up signs, but the Peoples Action Party sent out smiling teens with baskets of apples and the teens offered to trade an apple for a pack of cigarettes. Their campaign was successful in the end, with th e percentage of smokers in the population going from 23% to only 13%.  [15]  The PAP also created new jobs for people, and improved the conditions of working by simply shifting the countrys focus to technology-intensive high value industries. That was in 1989, and that same year 30% of the countrys GDP was from manufacturing alone.  [16]  These are the reasons that people consider the PAP to be benevolent, and with that many improvements plus more unmentioned it is enough to make anyone believe that they are benevolent. However, just because dictatorship worked for one country does not mean it will work for all. One of the worst dictators was Adolf Hitler. He was smart enough to find a way to keep people from challenging him out of power but not enough to not wage war  [17]  . He paid no attention to the state of his country, and left that up to his subordinates, who paid even less attention than him.  [18]  Another example would be Kim-Jong-Il in North Korea. He ignored his people so much that 43% of children under 5 were so malnourished that their growth was actually stunted  [19]  . He monitored everything and kept around 200,000 prisoners in labour camps where they starve and are tortured.  [20]  Many people, if asked, would say that dictatorship is very bad and one person or a group having all the power is just too much. However, Singapore clearly shows that if the right man or woman is chosen for the job, they can really use that power to change their country, and even the worl d. On the other hand, if the wrong person is given power they can misuse it to the point that the rest of the world has to step in to intervene. Unfortunately, this is the most common case. So really, it all depends on the person put in power. So, in conclusion, is dictatorship ever justified? Yes, it is. It is justified in the case of Singapore, under a benevolent dictatorship disguised as a democracy. The way the dictatorship turns out depends on the person put in power. Hitler had no more power than any other dictators he just misused it more. If you can find the right person, than your country can be hugely improved and redesigned to discover new advancements, a perfect example of which is Singapore.